ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” – ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืชื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ืชืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื’ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืกืœืื.

ืขื ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื ืชื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช 600 ืืœืฃ ืื™ืฉ ื•ื‘ืชื•ื ืขืฉื•ืจ ืžื ืชื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืžืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืฆื™.

ื‘-1950 ื—ื•ืงืงื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช "ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืช" ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื, ื—ื•ืง ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืืจืฆื” ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• (ื’ื ืื ื”ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื- ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช).

ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื™ื ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืืœืฃ ืขืจื‘ื™ ื•-600 ืืœืฃ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ื ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช 150 ืืœืฃ ืขืจื‘ื™ื.

ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืืœื•ืชย ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”ย ืขืžื“ื• ื›ืื—ื“ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื”.

ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืชื” ืขืœื™ื™ื”:

  • ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช- ืขืฆืžืื•ืช, ื‘-1948 ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ-ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืื•ืช, ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื ื“ื˜, ื ืขืœืžื• ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื (ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืช) ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื—ืกืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ื’ืœื• ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื.
  • ื”ืฉื•ืื”ย ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ื‘ืขืœื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืืžื ื ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื™ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืจืคื˜ืจื™ืืฆื™ื” (ืฉื™ื‘ื”- ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ื) ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคื•ื’ืจื•ื ื”ื ื•ืจื ื‘ืงื™ืœืฆื” (ื‘ืฉื ืช 46 ืฉื ืจืฆื—ื• ื‘ื• 42 ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื) ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1942-1946 ื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”.
  • ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ื–ื- ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื• ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืืœื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื•: ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช, ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ, ื‘ื•ืœื’ืจื™ื”, ืจื•ืžื ื™ื”.

ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื›ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ืงื• ืฉืœื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื ื™ืžื” ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื™ืžื” ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ืช.

ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ.

  • ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื ืžืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืืกืœืื- ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืชื™ืžืŸ ืฉืขืœื• ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ืžืจื‘ื“ ื”ืงืกืžื™ื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-50 ืืœืฃ ืื™ืฉ, ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืขืœื™ื™ืช "ืžืจื‘ื“ ื”ืงืกืžื™ื", ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืขื™ืจืืง ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขื–ืจื ื•ื ื—ืžื™ื”, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื•ื‘, ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื’ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืชื•ื ื™ืกื™ื”, ืžืจื•ืงื• ื•ืืœื’'ื™ืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื•ืž-1961 ืขืœื• ืœืืจืฅ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ-100 ืืœืฃ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžืจื•ืงื•.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™- ืขืจื‘ื™.

ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื• ืขืจื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื‘ื ื›ื‘ื” (ื›ืฉื•ืื”) ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืจื‘, ืื—ื“ ื”ืคื•ื’ืจื•ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื” "ืคื•ื’ืจื•ื ื”ืคืจื•ื“" ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืขื™ืจืืง , ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืฉื ื”ืžื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.

ืœื›ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืฆืœื” ืฉื›ืŸ ื ืฉืงืคื” ืกื›ื ื” ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืืกืœืื, ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื ืืกืจื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื ื›ืœืื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœื, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืืกืœืื ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืฆืœื” ื•ื’ื ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื—ืฉืื™ืช.

ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

  • ืงื•ืฉื™ ื›ืœื›ืœื™- ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื”ืงืžืชื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื, ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื (ื ืคื˜, ืคื—ื), ืขื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืžื—ื™ืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช.

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืขืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฆื ืข (ืฉื•ืง ืฉื—ื•ืจ).

  • ืงืฉื™ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื- ืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 ื•ื”-60 ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืขื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.

ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื•ืช.

ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื” ืฉืคืชืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื” ืฉืคืชืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื” ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื ื˜ื•ืฉ- ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืขื–ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช (ื•ืื“ื™ ื ื™ืกื ืืก).

ื—ืœืงื ื’ืจื• ื‘ืคื—ื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื“ื•ื ื™ื (ื‘ืชื™ื ืžื‘ื“) ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจื•ืช.

ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื–ืžื ื™, ื‘ื“"ื› ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ื ื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืคื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื‘ืกื”"ื› ืงื•ืจืช ื’ื’ ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ืžืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช.

ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื–ื• ื™ืฆืจื” ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืง ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืงื™ืคื•ื— ืืžืชื™ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื•ื–ื ื—ื•, ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืœื ืฉื•ืคืจื•, ื”ืžืชื— ืขื ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื’ื“ืœ ื•ืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืื•ืชื ืžืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื“ื•ืจ ืขื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืงื™ืคื•ื— ืขื–ื”.

  • ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”- ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืžืฆืื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชืขืกื•ืงื”, ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ืฆืขื• ืœื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ืจืง ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืžื”ื ื–ื›ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.

ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื“"ื› ื‘ื™ืขืจื ื•ืช ื•ื›ืš ื ืคื’ืขื” ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื.

  • ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช- ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืื• ืขื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืกื™ื”- ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืื• ืขื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช, ื”ื ื—ืกืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ื”ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฆื•ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืชื— ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื•ืœื˜, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืคืœื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืกื•ืจืช ืžืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื.
  • ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช- ื’ืœื™ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืชื ืื™ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื‘ืจื•ืื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจืžื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ื“ื” ื•ืชืžื•ืชืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
  • ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืžืจื›ื– ื•ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”- ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60 ืžืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—.

ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืจื›ื– ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ื‘ืœ ืœื›ื™ืฉ, ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืœืโ€“ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ื ื’ื‘, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ.

ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•: ืงืจื™ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื”, ืฉืœื•ืžื™, ื—ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื™ืช, ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืขืžืง, ืžืขืœื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืืŸ, ื ืฆืจืช ืขื™ืœื™ืช, ืงืจื™ื™ืช ืžืœืื›ื™, ื™ื‘ื ื”, ืงืจื™ื™ืช ื’ืช, ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืื•ืคืงื™ื, ืฉื“ืจื•ืช, ื“ื™ืžื•ื ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ื—ื.

ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืคื›ื• ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืžื”?.

ืžืชื•ืš: ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” / ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืขืžื™ื

ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื ืชื™ื ื”, ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื "ืš

ืื•ืกืฃ ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื ืชื™ื ื”, ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ืžื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื "ืš

ืžื—ืงืจ: ืœืžื” ื”ืžืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ืจืง ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืžื ื•

ื”ืื ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืœื™ื•? ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ื”ืื•ืฉืจ

ืœื—ืœื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ: 19 ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืฉืžืชื

ืื•ืกืฃ ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืขืœ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช, ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืื™ืš ืžื’ืฉื™ืžื™ื ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื” ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.

ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืœื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื? ืขืœ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ืช

ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ืื’ืœื•ื ื“ ืžืฆื™ืข ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ื—ืจืฃ ืงื™ื•ืžื”

ืขืช ืžืœื—ืžื”: 27 ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”

27 ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื, ื™ืคื™ื, ืขืฆื•ื‘ื™ื, ืžื›ืขื™ืกื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”

ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:

ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืฆืžื”: ืœืžื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืขืžื“ื•ืช ื›ื•ื—

ืžื™ืขื”ื ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืขืžื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ? ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืจืงื™ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืš ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื”