ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช -ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืงื•ืจืก

ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื”ืŸ. ืื—ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.

ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืคื˜ื ื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืžื”ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ื›ื•'. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืš ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘"ืœ, ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืขื•ื“.

ืจืงืข ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช-ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช

ื‘-1992 ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื ื™ืงื•ื– ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืœืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื• ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืจืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื™ื—ื“ ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช. ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืงื˜ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืก' 7(ื) ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืคืกื™ืœืช ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช. ืื•ืœื, ื”ืžืชื— ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“, ืฉืืคืฉืจื• ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœืื•ืจื. ื›ืืŸ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ืคืกื™ืœืช ื—ื•ืง, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืงื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ื. ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื™ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืขืœืชื” ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืงื™ืงืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“, ืœืžืฉืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื”ื ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืชื• ืขื ื”ืื•ืคื™ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืฉืžื’ืจ ื“ื—ื” ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืฃ.

ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžืฉืš ื•ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืงืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื›ื•ื ืŸ ื—ื•ืงื”, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืจืจื™ ืฉืœื ืชื™ืขืจืš ื—ื•ืงื” ืœืืœืชืจ. ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืœืžืกื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ืช ื ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ืขืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ืงื” ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืขื ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื”ื™ื” ืกื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืชืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ืงื”.

ืื—ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš. ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื ื— ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ. ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื ื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืืช ืงื•ืœื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื ื•ืงื˜ ื›ื™ื•ื ืขืžื“ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื–ืงื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ, ื ื’ื“ ื”ื›ืœืœืช ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืืคื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืงื”. ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื“ื•ืžื” ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ืื•ืœื ืฉื ื”ื ืคืงื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืงื ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช, ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช.

ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืื ื›ืŸ, ื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“, ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ืช, ื•ืžื™ ืืžื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืขื™ ืื—ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืง ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื—ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืงืชื™. ืœืœื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื, ื”ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื ืกืช (ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘"ืœ ืื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช). ืขื ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื”.

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืจืก ื™ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฆื™ืจื™ื โ€“

  • ืžื“ื™ื ื” โ€“ ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ื ื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื. ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช. ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืžื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืœื›ื“, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช ืจืง ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
  • ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช โ€“ ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช? ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช? ืžื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื” ืœืืžืฅ? ื™ืฉื ื• ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื’ื ื‘ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืคื ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ืจืง ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช.
  • ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช
ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื:
ื›ืืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื

ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื

ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”? ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื

ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื: ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ื”ื ืฉื›ื— ืฉืœ "ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช"

ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืืœื• ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื ืฉืคืจืกืžื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช. ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ืงืžื‘ื•ืŸ

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ:

ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืจืื”:

ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ:

ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ืš: 10 ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืคื•ืคื•ืœื™ื–ื

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื“ืขื• ืื ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœื™ืกื˜? ืขืฉืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ ืืฆื‘ืข ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœื™ื–ื

ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ:

ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืงืืจืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื“ื™ืคืืง ืฆ'ื•ืคืจื”

ืžื”ื™ ืงืืจืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืื™ืš ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื”? ืื•ืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ืคืืง ืฆ'ื•ืคืจื” ืขื ืžื‘ื•ื ืงืฆืจืฆืจ ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืœืš ืืช ื”ืงืืจืžื”