ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”

ืžื” ื”ื ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช

ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื "ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช" โ€“ ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”.

ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืชืคืงื“ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื›ืžื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืžืขื•ื˜ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื–ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžืžืœืื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.

ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื”ื: ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื’ื ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ, ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.

  • ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื“ืžื•ืช ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช, ืืš ื”ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ืœืกื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ืžืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืคืงื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื• "ืžืฉืคื™ืข".
  • ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™โ€“ ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืชื—ื•ืย ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ย ืœื–ื”ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืฆื‘ื, ืชื ื•ืขืช ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ื›ื•' .

ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื›ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช

ื”ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ืฉื‘ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื, ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื™ื, ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื.

ื”ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืจื˜ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื•ืช, ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช (ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืจื™ื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”) ื•ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืขืงื™ืฃ ื›ืžื•, ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื, ืžื•ืจื™ื, ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื“'. ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื’ื ืžื‘ืฆืขืชย "ื”ืฆื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช"ย ื•ื‘ื• ื”ืคืจื˜ ืœื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื•ื›ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ืช, ืœืื•ื, ืขื“ื”, ืžืขืžื“ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช, ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื™ืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื ื ืฉืคื˜ ืข"ืค ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืฉื™ื•ื›ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•.

ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื’ื ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ืย  ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื.ย ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ืย โ€“ ื”ื›ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืœืงืจืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.

ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื™ืฃ (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื”ื ืžืคื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืื•ืชื” ืฉื›ื•ื ื”). ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืœืžืงืฆื•ืข, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื. ืืš, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช, ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช.

ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื ืžืฆื, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืจืžืช ืฉืื™ืคื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ื•ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ืคื•ืจืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืฆื™ื™ืชื ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืชื ื ืžืฆื ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช, ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื•ืจืžืช ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.

ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื˜ืคืœืช, ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื“'. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ืžืกืจื™ื.

ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืคื•ืกื˜-ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื‘ื” ืขืจืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœืคืชื— ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”, ื—ืœ ื˜ืฉื˜ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืœ ืคื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื—ืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื: ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื—ืจืฃ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืขืžื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื.

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื›ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช

ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจย ื›ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืจื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื, ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™:

  1. ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื. (ืœื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™).
  2. ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”- ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ืคืจื˜ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขืžืŸ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืชืœืžื™ื“. (ืœื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™).
  3. ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช -ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ, ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. (ืคื•ืจืžืœื™).
  4. ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื- ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื˜ื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช. (ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ ื•ืœื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™).
  5. ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื- ืžื’ื“ืจื™ื™ื, ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื (ืœื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™).

ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช

ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™, ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื›ื•' .

ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงืจื‘ื” ืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื ืขื•ืจื™ื.

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ืชื•ื‘ืข ืœืขืฆืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฆืžืื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื• ื›ื–ื”ื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ืช ืžื•ื‘ื—ื ืช ื•ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžื”ื. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื ืชืง ืžื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื.

ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ย ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืขืจ/ื” ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื (ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ืœื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™, ืžืฆื—ื™ืง, ืžืฉืขืžื).

ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืขืžื“ื•ืชย ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืžืฅ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื.

ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชย ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืžืฅ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื- ื™ืฉ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืงื•ื ืคื•ืจืžื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืขื“ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืจ.

ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.

ื‘ืžื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”?

ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”: ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื”ื™ืœื“ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืจื™ื•. ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ืชื—ืฉืง ืœื• ื•ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ. ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ื ื™ืฆื‘ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืœืžื” ื”ืื ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื›ืกื•ื›ื ืช ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ืื ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื. ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ืชืœื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื. ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื•ืขื•ื“.

ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช

ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืงื™ื™ื ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ืจื‘ืช ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ื”ื•ื, ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื (ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื):

ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข, ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ื ื™ื ื•ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืจื“ื™ื•, ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื•ืขื•ื“..

ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืžืขืฆื ื˜ื‘ืขื” ืžืฉืจืชืช ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ืคื•ืจืžื™ื•ืช ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ื”ื•ื "ื”ืžืงืจืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ" "ื”ืžืฉืงื” ื”ื˜ืขื™ื" ื•"ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ".

ื›ืš ืžื•ื ื—ืœืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ืชืžื•ื ืช ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“-ืžืžื“ื™ืช, ื ืขื“ืจืช ืกืคืงื•ืช ืื• ืชื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื“-ืžืžื“ื™ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืขืจื‘ ืขืจื‘ ืืœ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง.

ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ืคืชื ืœืชื›ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช, ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื•ื›ื•'.

ื˜ื‘ืœืช ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช

ืฉืœื‘ / ืชืงื•ืคื”ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ืืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช
ื™ืœื“ื•ืชืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื’ื ื ืช, ืžื˜ืคืœืชืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉืคื”, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื’ื“ืจ, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ ืกืžื›ื•ืช.
ื ืขื•ืจื™ืืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ, ืงื‘ืœืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืžื’ื“ืจ, ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื›ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.
ื‘ื’ืจื•ืชืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.
ื–ืงื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ื–ืงืŸื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ืงืŸ, ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžื•ื•ืช

ืขืžื•ื“ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžืื’ืจ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.ย 

ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืคืช ื”ืกื˜ืœื ื™ื: ืžืกื˜ื•ืœ, ืกืื—ื™, ืคืœืคื”, ืคืืจืฉ, ืงืกืกื” ื•ื“ื•ื“ื

ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžืกื˜ื•ืœ, ืกืื—ื™, ืคืœืคื”, ืงืกืกื”, ืคืืจืฉ ื•ื“ื•ื“ื ื•ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ?

ืœืžื” ื ืคืœื” ืจื‘ืงื” ืžื”ื’ืžืœ ื›ืฉืจืืชื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง?

ืžื” ื’ืจื ืœืจื‘ืงื” ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืขืœ ื”ื’ืžืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืืชื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื•ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื ืคืœื”? ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›"ื“

ืžื—ืื•ืช ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื: ื—ืžืฉ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”

ื—ืžืฉ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืžื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžืฉื” ืฉื™ืฆื ื ื’ื“ ืคืจืขื” ื•ืขื“ ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืชืจ ืงื™ื ื’ ืฉื™ืฆื ื ื’ื“ ืื™-ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ

ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืื‘ื“ื”: 12 ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื ื™ืข ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืœื ืืชื’ืจื™ื. 12 ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ื•ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ื–ื: ืกืคื™ื‘ืง ืขืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืœื-ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช

ืกืคื™ื‘ืง ืžืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ื–ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ืืจื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ืช.

ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื›ืฉืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื•ื•ื–ื•ื‘ืกืงื™

ื’ืœื™ื ืกื•ืขืจื™ื, ืงื•ืžืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ืกืขืจื”. ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื›ืฉืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื•ื•ื–ื•ื‘ืกืงื™

ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:

14 ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื‘ืจื˜ื• ืืงื• ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื•

ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืžื‘ืจื˜ื• ืืงื• ืžืฆื™ืข 14 ืกืžืžื ื™ื ืœืžืฉื˜ืจ ืคืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ ื‘ื’ืจืกืช ื–ืžื ื ื•, ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื

ืžื”ื• ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช, ื˜ื•ื˜ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืฉื™ื–ื?

ื›ื•ืœื ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ืจ ืฉืืชื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ืชืŸ, ืืš ืžื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ืœื™ื˜ืจื™, ืื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื˜ืจื™ ื•ืคืฉื™ืกื˜ื™?

ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ืืžืช ื ื™ื›ืจืช: 9 ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉ"ื™ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ

ืขืœ ืžื” ื›ืชื‘ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ "ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ื”ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืื™ื ื ืืœื ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื–ื”"?