ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื‘ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”: ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช

ื‘ืžื” ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื ื‘ื“ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื–ื•?

ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช

ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช:

ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืžื•ืฆืย โ€“ย ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืืœื™ื” ื ื•ืœื“ ื”ืคืจื˜.

ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืงืžื” โ€“ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืืฉืจ ืงืžื” ืœืื—ืจ ื ืฉื•ืื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’.

ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช โ€“ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื”ื•ืจื” ืื—ื“ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื. ืžืืคื™ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.

ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช โ€“ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื’ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.

ย 

ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”:

ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื โ€“ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืžืžืกื“ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ืงืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ื”ืงืžืช ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช. ื›ืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื”ื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”.

ืงื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” (ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ) –ย  ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื.

ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ืช โ€“ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ื•ืจื” ืื—ื“ ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื, ื”ืชืืœืžื ื•ืช, ืขื’ื™ื ื•ืช, ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ืจื”.ย  ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื›ื–ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื”ื™ื” ื“ื• ื“ื•ืจื™ืช.

ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช โ€“ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื”ืชืคืจืงื” ื•ืžื•ื ื”ย  ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืžื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื’ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืื•ืžืฆื™ื.

ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’:

ืžื•ื ื•ื’ืžื™ื” โ€“ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ืคื•ืœื™ื’ืžื™ื” –ย  ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’.

ืคื•ืœื™ื’ืžื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื‘ื™ื’ืžื™ื” โ€“ ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื.

ืคื•ืœื™ื’ืžื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ืคื•ืœื™ื’ื™ื ื™ื” โ€“ ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืฉื•ื™ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื.

ืคื•ืœื™ื’ืžื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ืคื•ืœื™ืื ื“ืจื™ื” โ€“ ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื ืฉื•ืื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.

ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ (ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™/ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ืŸ):

ืื ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ื”ย โ€“ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืžืื•ืชื” ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืœืžืฉืœ: ื’ื™ืœ, ื’ื–ืข, ืžืขืžื“ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ื›ื•' . ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช.

ืืงืกื•ื’ืžื™ื”ย โ€“ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืื™ื ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื•ืชื” ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช .

ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืืงืกื•ื’ืžื™ื” ืขื“ืชื™ืช ืืš ืืงืกื•ื’ืžื™ื” ื“ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืชย (ืื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉื’ื ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืชื™\ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™)

ื“ืคื•ืก ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื

ืคื˜ืจื™ืœื•ืงืœื™ โ€“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ืชื”.

ืžื˜ืจื™ืœื•ืงืœื™ โ€“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ืชื”.

ื ื™ืื•ืœื•ืงืœื™ โ€“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’. ื–ื”ื• ื“ืคื•ืก ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช.

ื“ืคื•ืก ืกืžื›ื•ืช

ืคื˜ืจื™ืืจื›ืœื™ โ€“ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื•ื‘ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื•ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”.

ืžื˜ืจื™ืืจื›ืœื™ โ€“ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื•ื‘ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจ. ื–ื”ื• ื“ืคื•ืก ืกืžื›ื•ืชย  ื ื“ื™ืจ.

ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ -ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ืย  ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’. ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืกื˜ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช.

ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”

ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช โ€“ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื’ื“ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื”.

ืื™ืžื•ืฅ โ€“ ืžืฆืจืคื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.

ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช โ€“ ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืื• ืฉื ืชืจืžื” ืœื”, ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื”, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ืจืข ื‘ืขืœื” ืื• ื–ืจืข ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื.

ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช โ€“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื”ืื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื ื•ืฉืืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.

ื“ืคื•ืก ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก

ืคื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื ืืจื™ –ย  ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ื–ื” ื”ืฉืืจื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžืื‘ ืœื‘ืŸ).

ืžื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื ืืจื™ย  – ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ื–ื” ื”ืฉืืจื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžืื ืœื‘ืช).

ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืจื™ โ€“ ื”ืฉืืจื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื ื•ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘.

ืขืžื•ื“ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžืื’ืจ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.

ื’'ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื“ื˜ ืขืœ ืœืžื” ืืชื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื: ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืฆื•ื“ืง ื•ืืฉืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืžื—ืคืฉ ืืžืช, ืืœื ืžืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ืžื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื•. ื’'ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื“ื˜ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื โ€“ ื•ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ืจืช.

ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื—: ืคื•ืงื• ืžื•ืœ ื’ื™ืจืฅ

ื”ืื ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ืกื“ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ืื• ืฉืžื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื ืฉื›ื•ืคื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื”? ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื“ ื’ื™ืจืฅ ืžื•ืœ ืžื™ืฉืœ ืคื•ืงื•

ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืื™ื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื"

ืžื™ ื ื‘ืจืื• ืงื•ื“ื: ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ืืจืฅ?

ืžื” ื ื‘ืจื ืชื—ื™ืœื” โ€“ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ืืจืฅ? ืžืืžืจ ืžืจืชืง ืขืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื—ื–"ืœ: ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ, ืขืœ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื”, ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”.

ืžืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ื•ื”ื“ืช ื›ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช

ืžืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื“ืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื•ื—ืจื“ื”. ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื ืขืœืžืช ืขื ื”ืงื“ืžื”, ืืœื ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืกืคืง ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.

ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:

ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืกืžื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ื ื—ืฉ? ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื—ื•ื” ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ

ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื” ื•ื”ื ื—ืฉ? ื•ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื” ืขื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”? ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื—ื•ื”

ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ืš: 10 ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืคื•ืคื•ืœื™ื–ื

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื“ืขื• ืื ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœื™ืกื˜? ืขืฉืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ ืืฆื‘ืข ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœื™ื–ื