ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช – ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช: ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื–ืข, ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช, ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช, ืฉืœื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื–ืย  ื•ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”.

1)ย ย ย ย  ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื–ืข

ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืžื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืขื ืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ืœื• ื‘ืžืื” ื”- 19 ื•ื›ืœืœื• ืืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื, ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืžืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืขืกืงื• ื‘ื—ืงืจ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื–ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.

ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื–ืขื™ื ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกื•ืœื ื’ื–ืขื™.

ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ื ืืฆื™ืชย  ื—ื™ืœืงื” ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ื’ื–ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืจืื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™. ืœืคื™ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื–ื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื ื—ืœืงืช ืœื™ื•ืฆืจื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืจืกื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ืœื•ืงื” ื–ื• ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืกื•ืœื ื”ื™ืจืืจื›ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืขื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืืจื™ ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืชื™ื™ืš ืœื’ื–ืข ื”ื ื•ืจื“ื™.

ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืคื— ืชืคื™ืกื” ื–ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืชืช ื’ื–ืข ื•ื›ืžื™ ืฉืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืก ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ื ืขืœื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืืจื™.

ืœืื•ืจ ื–ืืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื’ื–ืข ื›ืขืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืืจื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ื•ืช.

ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื‘ืฉ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” , ื•ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸย  ืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจืชื•. ืœืื•ืจ ื–ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ ืœืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.

ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื’ื ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ื ื”ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืข ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื”.

ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย  ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช ื”ืคื›ื” ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื–ืข ืœืชื•ืจื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” , ื•ื‘ืฉื ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•

ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย  ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื™ืฆืื• ืœืžืกืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื”ืจืก ืฉืœื”ื.

2)ย ย ย ย  ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช

ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืจืงืข ืœืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื”, ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื“ืชื™. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืื” ื”- 19 ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื” ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื’ื–ืขื™ืช ืฉื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ืœืื•ืจ ื–ืืชย  ืื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžืจืช ื”ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ืœืคื™ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื–ื•, ื”ืžืจืช ื”ื“ืช ืจืง ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื”ืืฆืช ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”.

ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื–ื•, ืืš ื”ืจื—ื™ืงื” ืœื›ืชย  ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืชย  ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช: ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืื‘ืง ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื’ื•ืจืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื›ืžืื‘ืง ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื•ื“ื—ื•ืฃ.

ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื›ืชืช ืื“ื ื›ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื›ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื , ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฉืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืืœื”.

ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืจืฆื•ื ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืชื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”, ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื–ืย ื•ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ื–ื ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื•ืš ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื›ืขืช, ืืš ื’ื ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• . ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื—ืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืžืืจ ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืชื•ืจื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ืฉืคืขืœื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžืœื ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืกืชื” ื–ื•.

3)ย ย ย ย  ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช

ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื™

ื’ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ืขื ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื‘ื•, ืืœื ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”. ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื”, ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืœื™ืžื™ ืชืคืืจืชื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ืœืื•ืจ ื–ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื•ืจื ืžื”ืขื ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื.

ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืงืžื• ืœืื•ืžื” ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ืœืžืขื ื•.

4)ย ย ย ย  ืฉืœื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื–ื

ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ืฉืœืœื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ื”ืžืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืืชย  ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื–, ื•ื”ืคืจื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื”. ื”ื ืืฆื™ื–ื ืฉืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™, ื›ืžื•: ืคืœื•ืจืœื™ื–ื, ื”ื›ืจืขืช ื”ืจื•ื‘, ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื˜ืขื ืชื• ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื–ื” ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืžืขืจืขืจ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื”. ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืื—ื“ ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืื—ื“ ืกืžื›ื•ืชื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืœืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช.

ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ื ืืฆื™ ืฉืœืœ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื–ื, ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืข ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืขืžื“ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื ื‘ืจืื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื ืคืกืœืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื–ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื. ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ื–ื ื’ื ืงื•ืจื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืœื ืžืขืžื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืขืžื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” .

ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช ื“ื•ื’ืœืช ื‘ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื–ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ- ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื–ื ืœืื•ืžื™: ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืžื“ื•ืช ืชื—ืช ื—ืกื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืคืคืช ืจืฆื•ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืจืฆื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช.

5)ย ย ย ย  ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžื—ื™ื”

ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืฉื˜ื— ืจื—ื‘ ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืชื ืื™ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืจืกืื™ ืื™ื ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื.

ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืืช ืžื’ืžืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืชื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืคื™ ืชืคื™ืกืชื ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืกืœืื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ- ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืืจื™. ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื–ื• ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกื“ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช.

ืจืื• ื’ื:ย ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช

ืžืชื•ืš:ย ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” / ื ืืฆื™ื–ื, ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ืื” / ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” 1933 – 1939

ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื ื— ื•ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื (ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื•)

ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืก ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืงื“ื•ื? ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื— ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื

ืื™ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืขืœ ืฉืื™ืคื” ื›ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืฆืžื™

ืืชื” ืœื ืžื™ ืฉืืชื”, ืืœื ืžื™ ืฉืืชื” ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืื’ื ืก ืงืœืืจื“ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ืœื ื›ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ืืœื ื›ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ

9 ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ (ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ)

ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื“ ื›ืžื” ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืš ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื

5 ื”ื•ื’ื•ืช ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ

ื—ืžืฉ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ืจืง ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืืœื ืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื• ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื

ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื: ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ื”ื ืฉื›ื— ืฉืœ "ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช"

ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืืœื• ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื ืฉืคืจืกืžื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช. ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ืงืžื‘ื•ืŸ

ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช – ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›"ื› ืืžื™ืชื™?

ืžื” ืื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื”, ื•ืื™ืš ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ืžืŸ, ืชื•ื“ืขื”, ืžื•ืกืจ โ€“ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื ืฆื—.

ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:

ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืกืžื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ื ื—ืฉ? ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื—ื•ื” ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ

ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื” ื•ื”ื ื—ืฉ? ื•ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื” ืขื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”? ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื—ื•ื”

ื”ืืฉืœื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื›ืœื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืœื ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ

ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื ืจืื” ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ, ืืš ื’ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”, ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ืฉืžืฆื™ืข ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืกืชื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช.