ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”: ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช

ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”: ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช

ืจืื•:ย ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” – ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื

ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื ืฆืžื—ื” ืื™ื ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ืžื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื•ื”ื•ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืžืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื‘ืžื ื”"ืก. ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืชื•ืืžืช ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ื–ื” ืžืชื—ืœืง ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช ืฉืฉื•ืื‘ืช ืžื•ื•ื‘ืจ – ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืœื™ืช ืฉืžืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื•. ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ, ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื”, ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช, ื”ื’'ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช (ื•ืœื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช), ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ. ืœืฆื“ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฆืžื—ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช/ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช โ€“ ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื’ื ืžืขืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื. ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื’ื ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•. ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืคื ื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืชืืจ. ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืžื” ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™. ืืœื• ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื›ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื”.

ืžืื– ืฉื ื•ืช ื”70 ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช โ€“ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื ืคืจื“ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชื• ื›ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืคืชื•ื—ื”/ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื”.

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื” ื ืงืจืืช ื”ื ื™ืื• ืžื•ืกื“ื™ืช โ€“ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืžื•ืฉืคืขืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช (ื‘ืจื’ืจ ื•ืœืงืžืŸ) โ€“ ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื•ื•ื‘ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื”, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ืžืฆื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”. ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืœื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ื›ืฉื“ื™ืžืื’ื™ื• ื•ืคืื•ื•ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื‘ืจ ืžื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜. ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉื”ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืื™ื–ื•-ืžื•ืจืคื™ื–ื (ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ+ืฆื•ืจื”). ื•ื•ื‘ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ืข"ื™ ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื•ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื ืฆื—, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืœื ืžืื•ืžืฆืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืชืคืกืช ื›ื›ื–ื•. ื”ืื™ื–ื• ืžื•ืจืคื™ื–ื ืฉื”ื ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืœื•ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืฆื•ืจื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืคืฆืช:

ืื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืจืคื™ื–ื ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ (ืžืฉื•ื™ื™ืš ืœื•ื•ื‘ืจ) โ€“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื• ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื“ื™ืžืื’ื™ื• ื•ืคืื•ื•ืœ ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื:

ืื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืจืคื™ื–ื ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ โ€“ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ (ืœื“ื•ื’' ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื• ืœื‘ื•ืจืกื”) ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™. ื–ื” ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืขื™ืœ, ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืœ ื›ื•ืคื” ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืชื—ืช.

ืื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืคืจื™ื–ื ื ื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ – ืื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืจืคื™ื–ื ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืคืจื•ืคืกื™ื•ื ืœื™. ืœื“ื•ื’' ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื™ื“ืข ืคืจื•ืคืกื™ื•ื ืœื™. ื”ื˜ืขื ื”: ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืคืจื•ืคืกื™ื•ื ืœื™ื, ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืกืคืจื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื”.

ืื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืจืคื™ื–ื ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ – ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืžืื’ื™ื• ื•ืคืื•ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืœื ืืคืฉืจื™ืช, ื›ื™ ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืขื•ื‘ื“. ืืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืืžืช ืžื” ืขื‘ื“ ื•ืžื” ื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืื™ ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ "ืžื” ืขื•ื‘ื“"? ืืš ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœืžื” ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื• ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช. ื•ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ืื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืจืคื™ื–ื ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ โ€“ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื“ื’ื ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื’ื ืœื ื•.

{ืฉื•ื‘ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช โ€“ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืขืœืช.}

ืื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืจืคื™ื–ื ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื ืชืคืกื™ื ื›ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื•. ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืจืคื™ื–ื ื”ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™, ื•ื•ื‘ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืืžืฆื™ื ืžื” ืฉื™ืขื™ืœ, ืื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืจืคื™ื–ื ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืืžืฆื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืชืคืก ื›ื™ืขื™ืš ืžื” ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื ื“ืžื” ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืืฆืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.

ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืจืคื™ื–ื ื”ื ื™ืื• ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœืคื™ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™, ืื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ.

ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช.

ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืžืงืื ื™ืง โ€“ ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 50, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื–ืžื ื™ืช โ€“ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ. ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ื•ื— ืคื•ืจืžืœื™. ืืฆืœ ื•ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื›ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”, ื–ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ื•ื•ื‘ืจ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช โ€“ ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช โ€“ ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืžืงืื ื™ืง ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื›ื•ื— ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื›ื•ื—, ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ืื—ืจื™ื. ืžืงื ื™ืง ืžื—ืคืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฆื‘ืื™, ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื ื”ื’ ื•ื‘ื˜ื‘ื— ื•ื›ื•') ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื— ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ื•ื— ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืžื•โ€ืž ืขื ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ื•ื— ืคื•ืจืžืœื™.

ืžืงื ื™ืง โ€“ ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ:

  • ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฆืžื— ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ ื•ื‘ื• ื™ื—ืกื™ ื›ื•ื— ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืฉืชืงืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื’ื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”.
  • ื™ื“ืข ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื›ื•ื—
  • ื•ืชืง ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ื“ืข ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช
  • ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ื–ื•ื˜ืจ ื•ืื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื™ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœื• ื›ื•ื—
  • ืงืกื ืื™ืฉื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ื—
  • ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ืคื™ืกื™)

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.

ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื•ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช?

ืื™ืš ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ืื™ ืฉื ื‘ืžืื” ื”-15 ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืื” ื”-19? ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ

12 ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื•ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืžืฉื—ืง, ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ื›ื•ื–ื‘, ืœืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื•ืื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื“ื™ื”: ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื•ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื˜

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ:

ืื™ืš ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ืœืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ?

ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื—ื‘ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื”, ืจื—ื‘ืช ืื•ืคืงื™ื ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•?

ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืจืื”:

ื”ื“ื•ืื’ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื ืš ืื ืฉื™ื: 13 ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ืคื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš

ืžื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื, ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœื”

ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ:

ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืื™ืš ื‘ืื•ืช ืžื”ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื?

ืื™ืš ืงื•ืจื” ืฉืกื“ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืื—ื“ ื ื•ืคืœ ื•ืื—ืจ ืงื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•? ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ

ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ: