ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืžืืžืจ: ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืข \ ืืœืงื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืŸ

ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืข/ ืืœืงื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืŸ

 

ืžื”ื™ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื?

ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืœื ื›ืก ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื•. ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื‘ืขืœื™ื”. ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื• ืœืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืžื ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช, ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ืคืฆืชื” ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™.

ืžื”ื• ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก?

ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืžื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืง ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื‘ืžืื” ื”-15, ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ื•ื”ืคืฆื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคื™ื›ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืื™ื™ืžื” ืœืขืจืขืจ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืคืฆืช ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื—ืชืจื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืคื™ ื“ืชื™ ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™. ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืคืฆืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื•ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืœืื•ืจ (ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชื—ืจื•ืช) ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื—ืงื™ืงืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื‘-1709. ื—ื•ืง ื–ื” ืืกืจ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืœืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆื•ื‘ื”.

ืื™ืœื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขืชืงื•ืช ืžืขื•ื’ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื? ื”ืื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื•ืคืฅ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ืœืœ ืชื—ืช ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื?

ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืงื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืž- 1911, ื”ื•ื›ื ืกื• ื‘ื• ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžืื– ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืžื ื™ืขืช ืฆืจื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืคื™ืจืื˜ื™, ืžื ื™ืขืช ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืชืฉืœื•ื, ืืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืขื•ืชืงื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืชืจื’ื ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืœืฉืคื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืื• ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืžืŸ ืœืกืจื˜ ืื• ืžื—ื–ื”, ืžืขื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืขืชืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื. ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื” ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคื•ืžื‘ื™: ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื‘ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื’ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•: ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื—ื™ื”, ื”ืฉืžืขืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคืชื•ื— ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘.

ื”ืขืชืงื” ื•ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™: ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื“ื” ืžื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช, ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืœื ื”ืจืฉืื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืืกื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง. ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžื•ืคืฆื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืื• ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ืจืฉืื” ืœื›ืš ืื• ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื•ื™ืชืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ื’ืจืกื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉืช. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืคืฆืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืงื‘ืข ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ืื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืืš ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ (ืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื—ื•ืง) ื›ื™ "ื›ืœ ื”ืขืชืงื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืชืจื” ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื". ื”ืขืชืงื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืœื™ื ืง (ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ) ื”ืžืคื ื” ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉ ืœืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื•ืืœื” ื ืฉืžืจื•ืช ืืฆืœื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืœืฉื ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื’ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ื“ืจืš ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ืื ื ืืกื•ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื ืคื’ืข ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ืขื ื–ืืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข- ืœืžืฉืœ ืฆืœื ืฉืคืจืกื ืืช ืชืžื•ื ืชื• ื‘ืืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ื›ืœ ืืชืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ืงื•ืจืื™ื•, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ, ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื”. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืœื ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืขื•ืชืง ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”. ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคืฆืชืŸ ื•ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ืืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื›ืืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.

ืžื”ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื”?

ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช. ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืฆื” ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืขื•ืชืง ืื—ื“- ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ืฉืื•ืžื ื ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืงื• ืืš ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืœื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื• ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื 'ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื™ื”' ื•ื–ื• ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœื”ืฉืื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘. ื›ืœ ื”ืคืฆื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจื—ื‘, ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ, ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื•ื›ืคื•ืคื” ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื. ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืื’ื“ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช "ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืขืžื“ื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ" โ€“ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื›ืš ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงืจื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœื™ื” ืžืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืœืคื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื โ€“ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื”ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืœืืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื™ื ื” ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืคื™ื” ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.

ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก

ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช

ืกืคืจ ื”ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื, ื”ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื

ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื, ื”ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื˜ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืงื”ืœ

ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืจืง ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข: ืžื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืžื™ื•ื—ื“?

ืœืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื ื ื™ืชื ืช ื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื•? ื”ืฉืคืช-ืืžืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื ื•ืชื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ:

ืื™ืš ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ืœืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ?

ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื—ื‘ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื”, ืจื—ื‘ืช ืื•ืคืงื™ื ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•?

ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืจืื”:

ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื ืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš: ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœืŸ ื•ื•ื˜ืก

ืืœืŸ ื•ื•ื˜ืก, ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืžืชื•ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืžืขืจื‘, ื‘ื›ืžื” ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ ื”ืฉืจืื”

ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ:

ืื™ืš ืœืฆืจื•ืš ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื”

ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืœื ืžื™ื“ืข ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ืœืฆืจื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช. ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืงืฆืจ

ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ: