ืกื™ื›ื•ื: ื˜ืœืงื•ื˜ ืคืจืกื•ื ืก – ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื”

ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืžืืžืจ: ื˜ืœืงื•ื˜ ืคืจืกื•ื ืก – ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื”

ืžืชื•ืš:ย ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”

ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืคืจืกื•ื ืก: ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” (ืžื‘ื ื”)

ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื ืœืคืชื— ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื•ืชื’ืœื™ืช. ืžื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื—ืงืจ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ืชื™ืจื” ืœื™ื“ืข ื˜ื”ื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ื™ื.ย  ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืคืœื— ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื›ืžืืคืฉืจ ืื• ืžื•ื ืข ืงื‘ืœืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืื—ื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื , ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืขืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.

ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ืžืืžืจ.

ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืคื•ืจืžืืœื™ื™ื. ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”. ื”ื›ืชื‘ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืงื•ื“ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืจืžืืœื™ื™ื. ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื‘ ืฆืžื—ื• ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืคื•ืจืžืืœื™ื•ืช.

ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจื ืกื ืก ื—ืœื” ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืช ,ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช.

ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื• ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื”, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ืก ืขืจื›ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื ืกื ืก ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื” . ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™.

ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืง ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื.ย  ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ืช. ื”ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” "ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืกื’ืœื•ืช" (ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืกื•ื ืก), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจื ืกื ืก, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืกืชื’ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืจื“ืช (ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืช ืœืžื“ืข ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืงื•ื ืงื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช) ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืื™ืžืฆื• ืื•ืชื”.

ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืืฆื•ืœื” ื ื˜ืฉื” ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฆื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ืจื“ ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœื” ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื™ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก.

ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื (ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืœืžืฉืœ) ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื (ืจืคื•ืื” ืื• ื”ื ื“ืกื”) ื”ื™ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืจื•ืš, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžืื” ื”19 ื–ื›ื• ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืคืจืงื˜ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ืœื”ื›ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืขืจืš ืœืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ.

ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืช ืœืžื“ืข. ื”ื—ื•ืง ืฉืงื‘ืข ืชื•ืžืืก ืื™ืฉ ืืงื•ื•ื™ื ืืก, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช ืœื ืชืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ืขื“ ืฉืœื ืชืงื‘ืข ืขืจื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœืœื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืฉืžืฆื™ืขื” ื”ื“ืช ื”ื•ืคืจืš (ืœืžืขืฉื” ืชื•ืžืืก ืฉื ืืช ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื“ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืกืงืืœื”). ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืขื ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื“ืข ื•ื“ืช. ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” (ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ืชืจ) ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื ื•ื— ื‘ื ืชืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื–ื•. ื”ืจืคื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ.

ื”ื›ืœืœื”– ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื˜ื• ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื“ืช ื›ืขืจืš ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืข, ื”ื ืœื ืกื˜ื• ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื“ืช. ื’ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื ืกื ืก ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืžื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื” ื’ื ื”ื“ืช.

ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจื ืกืื ืก ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœืžื“ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ื“ืขืช, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืื• ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื” ื”-19 ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ื›ืœืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ืคื•ืจืžืืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”, ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘. ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื• ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื”: ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื–ื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืจื‘ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ืŸ. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืคื•ืจืžืืœื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”, ื”ื—ืœื” ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ( ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™). ื›ื™ื•ื ย ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื›ืžื” ืืจืฆื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืžืชืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขืœื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื”ื ืžื“ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืขืžื“, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”.

ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช "ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื‘ืจืžื”. ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืจื•ื— (ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืื™ื ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”). ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื—ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื“ื•ืžื” ืขืœ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืืฉืจ ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื•ื— ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.

ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืกื•ื“ืจ, ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ืžื™ืกื•ื“ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื” ืฉืžืืคื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืกืฆื™ืคืœื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืคืฆืช ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ืœืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”. ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ืฆืชืžืฆื ืžืขื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ (ืงืจื™ืื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ) ืืœื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื’ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื. ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ืคืชื— ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช. ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื“ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ืœืคื• ืืช ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขืจืขืจื• ืขืœ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš- ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื›ื ื•ืข ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ.

( ืคืจืกื•ื ืก ืœื ืžืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ "ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš" [ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืœืชืœืžื™ื“] ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ " ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื—ืงืจ" [ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื™ื“ืข ื—ื“ืฉ], ืืฆืœื•, ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจืช ื’ื ืžื—ื ื›ืช. ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื“ืข ืœืฉื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื“ืข ืคืจืงื˜ื™).

ืœืคื™ ืคืจืกื•ื ืก, ื“ื•ื™ื“ ืจื™ื–ืžืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ืชืืจื™ ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื’ื•ืจื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืžื›ืกืฃ, ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืžื•ืœื“ ืื• ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื›ื•ื—. ืื ื›ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื– ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ื•ืš ืžืขืžื“ื™, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ื•ืš ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื•ื’ื ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ื•ืš ื“ืชื™ ืื• ืืชื ื™.

ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช- ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืงื•ืœื’'ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื ืขืœื” ืœืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื•ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ืขืœ ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ืœืงื• ืœื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื. ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื•ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืœืชื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืคืจืงื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข.

ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืชื‘ื“ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืช ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืืฉืจ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืชื›ื ื™ื ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืžืคื•ืงื—ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืžื“ืข, ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ "ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช" , ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช (ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื•ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ) ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ.

ื”ื›ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื• ืœื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉื™ื•ื›ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืืœื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื•ืœืœื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื.

ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”, ื™ืฉ ืžื’ืžื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื. ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืืš ื”ื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื™ื“ืข ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ืžื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช. ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืคืจืงื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื ื˜ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื“ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื’ื ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื, ืœืžืฉืœ ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืžืชื—ื•ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืคืกื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื—ืœืง ืžืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช.

ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืืฉืจ ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื™ื, ืœื ืฆืœื—ื• (ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”) ืื• ืฉืกืคืง ืื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ (ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืจื•ืกื™- ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™).

ื”ืžื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ืœืคื™ ืคืืจืกื•ื ืก ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื”ืคื™ื›ื”ย  ื”ืชืขืฉื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช.

ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ืฉ ื”ืืคืœ: ื”"ืกืขืจื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช" ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืžืžื ื”

ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ืŸ-ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื ื‘ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™? ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”"ืฉื™ืœื•ืฉ ื”ืืคืœ"

ื“ื“ืœื•ืก: ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื

ื“ื“ืœื•ืก, ื”ืžืžืฆื™ื ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืžื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ื›ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืš ืœืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืื•ืจ, ืขื–ืจ ืœืืจื™ืื“ื ื”, ื‘ื ื” ืœืื™ืงืจื•ืก ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื, ื•ื—ื‘ืง ืกื•ืฃ ืขื’ื•ื

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ:

3 ืชืกืžื•ื ื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™

ืืคืงื˜ ื“ืื•ื ื™ื ื’ ืงืจื•ื’ืจ, ืกื™ื ื“ืจื•ื ื”ืžืชื—ื–ื” ื•ืกื™ื ื“ืจื•ื ื’ืจืื•ืฆ'ื• ืžืจืงืก – ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•

ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืจืื”:

ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ:

ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ืš: 10 ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืคื•ืคื•ืœื™ื–ื

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื“ืขื• ืื ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœื™ืกื˜? ืขืฉืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ ืืฆื‘ืข ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœื™ื–ื

ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ: